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Dengue fever definition | Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention

Definition :

 Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus which belongs to the family Flaviviridae. These mosquitoes are then transmitting the virus to humans. The virus that causes dengue is called an arbovirus. These viruses are 4 distinct types named DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, DEN-4. A prevalence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus together with the circulation of dengue virus.  

 In simple words it is a viral infection caused by four distinct viruses we can see above occurs through mosquito bites.

 Incubation Period :
  • 2 to 7 days
Symptoms :

 Mild dengue fever :

 Usually, begin four to six days after infection and it lasts up to 10 days. Some common symptoms are following below :

 Primary symptoms of dengue appear three to five days after the mosquito bite.
  • Sudden high fever
  • Chill
  • Severe headache 
  • Vomiting 
  • Fatigue
  • Nausea 
  • Extreme weakness
  • Red-eye 
  • Mild bleeding 
Pain :
  • Severe joint and muscles pain
  • Pain behind the eye
  • Rash 
  • Low back pain 
Dengue Haemorrhagic fever :

After the bite, mild symptoms can be manifest up to 7 days and last up to 10 days.

Conjunctivitis :
  • Prodromal symptoms following an incubation period of 5 to 8 days
  • Conjunctival congestion
  • Tenderness upon pressure on eyes
Acute Onset :
  • Fever
  • Backache
  • Headache
  • Generalized pain 
  • Lacrimation 
  • Anorexia
  • NIV
  • Relative bradycardia
  • Prostration
  • Depression
  • Insomnia 
  • Sensitive stomach
  • Sweating skin
Fever :
  • Continuous or Saddle Back with a break on the mouth on the fifth day.
  • Usually lasts 7 to 8 days.
  • Saddleback fever disappears after a few days of onset and returns after a few days.
Rash :
  • Transient muscular in the first two days.
  • Modulo popular, scarlet morbilliform from days 3 to 5 on the trunk.
  • It may desquamate on the resolution.
Dengue Shock Syndrome :

most dangerous of all forms of dengue fever as it can result in death.
  • A fast drop of blood vessels
  • Intense stomach pain
  • Leaking blood in the blood vessels
  • Loss of one's sense of direction
  • Menorrhagia or heavy bleeding
  • Death

Diagnosis :
  • Antibody detection.
  • Antigen detection.
  • RNA detection.
  • Viral isolation.

Treatment :
  • Symptomatic treatment with analgesics.
Antipyretic :
  • Aspirin should be avoided.
Prevention :
  • Use mosquito repellants.
  • Wear full-sleeved clothes.
  • Do not allow water to collect around your house.
  • Get mosquito nets fixed on around your house.
  • Use insecticides regularly.
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