Definition :
It is a common inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous follicles in which the pilosebaceous follicles become oversensitive to a normal level of testosterone.
Cause :
Treatment :
It is a common inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous follicles in which the pilosebaceous follicles become oversensitive to a normal level of testosterone.
Cause :
- Androgens
- Follicular keratinisation
- Hereditary
- Propionic bacterium acnes
- Immunological factor
- Environmental factor
Exacerbating factor :
Peak severity of acne is in the late teenage years but acne may persist into the 3rd decade
and beyond particularly in a female.
Factors :
- Acne occurs with stress
- Premenstrual period
- With aggressive acne or recalcitrant acne, the cause is virilising syndrome in female, acromegaly, Occupational exposure to an agent.
- A drug like steroids, hormones, anti-epileptic drugs, Iodine.
- Genetic & hormonal factor plays an important role.
Pathogenetic factor :
- Increase sebum excretion: Clear relation between severity of acne & sebum excretion.
- Main determinants of sebum excretion are hormonal accounting for the onset of acne in teenage years.
- Androgens are principle sebatrophic hormone also progesterone increase sebaceous secretion.
- Infection with propionibacterium acne.
- Occlusion or blockage of the pilosebaceous ducts.
Symptoms :
- Site: In order of frequency face, neck, back, chest, arms, buttocks and legs may see anywhere in body accept palm and sole.
- Sebum excretion increase: Example - Seborrhoea greasy skin often clinically obvious.
- Microcomedone formation occurs with may be open. Open comedones ( blackheads ) due to plugging by keratin and sebum of pilosebaceous orifice.
- Microcomedone formation may be closed. Closed comedones ( whiteheads ) due to excretion of sebum and keratin deeper in pilosebaceous ducts.
- In the formation of comedones producing papules, pustules are cysts.
- In deeper inflammatory lesion damage to dermis may result in a hypertrophic scar.
Types of acne :
- Conglobate acne :
- Acne fulminans :
- Acne exorcise :
- Infantile acne :
Grading the severity :
- Mild
- Moderate
- Severe
Treatment :
- It must be started early to avoid scarring.
General Treatment :
- Anaemia
- Hormonal imbalance
- Due to drugs
- Cleaning: Wash the face 2 to 3 time in a day with mild medicated soap. Shampoo the scalp in case of oily scalp at-least twice in a one week.
Local Treatment :
- Local antibiotics: Minor disease systemic antibiotics.
- Oral antibiotics are taken an empty stomach, not with food.
- Therapy continuously for up to 3 months.
- Local cleansing.
- Ointment applications.
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